Animal Testing Should Continue - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1654 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Animal testing should continue you to be a legal and viable option to research. Animal testing has been used for centuries dating all the way back to 300 BC. Since its origin, animal testing has been an efficient way of making medical and biological breakthroughs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Animal Testing Should Continue" essay for you Create order If it were not fro animal models who or what could we test on? There would be a very limited amount of people who would want to be a test subject in these studies. Animal testing is a necessity to ensure the well being of humans by curing diseases and epidemics, assisting endangered animals, and making sure cosmetics and drugs are safe for human use. The first vaccine ever created was for Smallpox. Smallpox is a disease that plagued the world causing some survivors to go blind. According to the National Center for Biological Information (NCBI), It is believed to have appeared around 10,000 BC, at the time of the first agricultural settlements in northeastern Africa,(Riedel). This disease had been around for almost 12,000 years before there was any type of cure. For 12,000 years, people suffered with no certainty that they would overcome the disease. Smallpox played a key role in the demise of the Aztecs civilization, and would have wiped out most of Europe if a vaccine were never developed. This disease would kill around 400,000 people annually in the 18th century (Riedel). Smallpox was spread from direct contact with a person who had it. Smallpox had flu like symptoms and killed a large amount of people who contracted it. The virus killed people in the Old and New World spreading from continent to continent. Three hundred million people have died from the disease known as small pox. The world was looking at another super bug. Thanks to Edward Jenner and animal testing, he was able to successfully create a vaccine that saved millions of lives. Edward Jenner was able to take notice of how milkmaids never contracted smallpox, but instead ended up catching cowpoxs. He made an assumption that this was because cowpoxs ended up acting as a vaccine for the milkmaid. Jenner wanted to prove that this was the case so he injected a young boy with pus from a boil infected with cowpoxs. Jenner waited, and then he exposed the boy to smallpox. The boy never contracted smallpoxs. The boy was immune. Today, smallpox is ultimately eradicated form Earth (Riedel). This would have never been possible without the ability to test and experiment on animals. There are many medical breakthroughs that go on within the world of biomedical research. The way they do this is through using animals as test models. There are regulations that protect animals in these studies, and for the most part the scientific community takes care of these animals by hiring veterinarians. They are usually scheduled to visit once a week to check on the health of these animals. The United States federal law that covers animals in research is the Animal Welfare Act (New England Anti-Vivisection Society). This law does not provide protection to cold-blooded animals or species such as rats, mice birds, etc. (New England Anti-Vivisection Society). This is the right way at going about this. Scientists are humans too. They treat these animals as human as possible, but they do these experiments to better the life of the human race and advance medical and biological knowledge. By protecting animals in research it should allow for more support and lead to more medical breakthroughs. In the 1950s, Polio was running ramped effecting children and adults. Men, women, and children had to live their lives with paralysis in parts of their bodies. Polio crippled those who were infected; limiting the things they were cable of doing. Children were unable to go to school. Most of them were kept in hospitals at a polio ward having to walk around with leg braces or even restricted to a full body cast. Victims of polio lived harsh lives and ultimately ended up living with it or dying. Even Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President of the United States, contracted polio. In the article, Polio Elimination in the United States, it states In the early 1950s, before polio vaccines were available, polio outbreaks caused more than 15,000 cases of paralysis each year in the United States, (CDC). Just in the United States, polio was becoming an epidemic. It wasnt until Erwin Popper started doing tests on monkeys that a breakthrough was discovered. Years later Jonas Salk was able to produce a vaccine. Polio and smallpox are just two examples of epidemics that had a major impact on society. Many epidemics have been able to be cured, starting by using animals as test models. Millions of people have been able to be protected and not have to worry about contracting a disease that would paralyze you for your life. Cancer used to be a death sentence, but now after using animals there are treatments to combat it and have a good chance of living. Anyone who has ever took any type of medicine has benefited from animal testing. The human race is not the only species that prospers from doing research and tests on animals. Believe it or not, animals actually can benefit from these tests. In 1978, a disease began to spread among dogs called canine parvovirus. This disease was infecting dogs causing vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and also death. Scientists were able to recognize that this disease was relatively the same as feline panleukopenia virus and create a vaccine from it. According to the Aalas Foundation, Since a vaccine was already available for the feline panleukopenia virus, a vaccine for parvovirus was developed, tested, and made available for distribution within a year, (Aalas Foundation). Dogs across the world were able to get vaccinated and recover from the parvovirus. Not only has it helped dogs, animal testing has helped save endangered species. Asian elephants are an endangered species that are at risk of becoming extinct. Baby Asian elephants are susceptible to a certain deadly strain of the herpes virus known as the elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus (EEHV). This virus is killing young elephants when they contract EEHV in just a matter of a few days. In the article Generation and Characterization of Antibodies against Asian Elephant, it states, Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) can cause lethal hemorrhagic disease, particularly in juvenile Asian elephants in captivity, (Roca). It is our job to help prevent extinction from any species on this earth. Ironically, to help these elephants we have to experiment on animals. Scientists are using rats and mice as models for the elephants. They are studying how the virus affects the antibodies. As of right now they have successfully sequenced the virus genome according to the Foundation for Biomedical Research. This breakthrough will assist in the process of making a vaccine for EEHV. Animal testing is not just for vaccines and cures, it is also to test and see if products are safe for human use. A big part of animal testing is to ensure products are safe for human use. Researchers use animals to make sure no toxic chemicals will put the consumers health at risk. If it werent for animals, how else would products be tested? To test safety for humans you would have to administer the drug and hope for the best. Imagine if someone took a pill that had been untested and did serious harm or death. There would be outrage and the company could not help it because the legal way of testing drugs would not be adequate. According to the Federal Drug Administration, Only 8% of the drugs tested on the animals are determined to be safe for humans, (Animal Legal Defense Fund). If these products went onto the market untested, it could cause severe damage to the consumers ranging from skin irritation all the way to blindness. If the choice were between a human and an animal, the logical choice would be to choose the animal. Animals do not necessarily contribute as much as a human does to society. The counter-argument on the subject of animal testing is that it is immoral and wrong. These same people will go out to lunch and dine on an animal that had just been slaughtered for someone enjoyment. The reason scientists study are to better the lives of the people. Under that statement, it is not immoral. A common point that the people who oppose the belief that animal testing is justified is, there are other ways to test using cells instead of a living system. The problem with using cells in pitri dishes is that it isnt a living system. Leslie Thompson, a Neurobiology Professor at UC Irvine, says, You can tweak the system with genetics that you cant do with other systems. The reason we study these living systems is because they have the appropriate structures, (Foundation for Biological Research, Youtube). A cell cannot suffice as a living system. The cell cannot resemble the complexity of the whole organism. Also, you cannot do the same studies and experiments you would do on an animal model. Scientists will induce the animal model and give them the disease they are trying to find a cure for. It would be immoral to give a living human a life changing disease. Another point that they make is to say that the experiments of unnecessary and they feel pain. According to the article, Necessary, but Not Sufficient. The Benefit Concept in the Project Evaluation of Animal Research in the Context of Directive 2010/63/EU it states that, According to Directive 2010/63/EU, project proposals involving experiments on animals have to be approved in a harm-benefit-analysis (HBA) that weighs the potential benefits of the experiment against the harm inflicted on animals, (Eggel Grimm). Each experiment is carefully examined and made sure to have a purpose that can help out a certain group. The animals are also given anesthesia so they wont feel pain during any procedure.

Informative Speech Outline On Heroin - 928 Words

Kiah Bucher Comm 100.03 Mr. McGrath Persuasive Speech Outline Topic: Heroin Addiction Treatment General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To gain passive agreement that all drug recovery center should make available the option of medication assisted treatment drugs in, and after, their recovery programs for heroin addicts. Introduction Attention getter: 41 people die everyday in America due to heroin overdose. According to the national institute on drug abuse heroin usage have risen from 2002 to 2016 from around 404k users to 948k users. The overdoses have blow up from two thousand deaths in 2002 to 15 thousand deaths in 2016. That means about 1.6% of heroin users die to overdoses a year. Tie to audience: If anyone you know†¦show more content†¦Relapse after completing a program is especially dangerous because the addicts low tolerance may cause them to overdose. Kentucky facilities report up to 75% dropout rate of the 12 step program. At the most successful facility with a 40% dropout rate, they reported half of those who completed it relapsed within the year. To paraphrase Dr. A. Thomas McLellan when the 12 step program was widely picked up no one understood the science of addiction, â€Å"We started off with the wrong model.† There is a sense of self accomplishment and strength from within that inspired this program into existence. Professionals have known the system has been broke for awhile, so it was alarming that 90% of drug recovery centers where abstinence was the only solution. Whether this practice came from alcohol treatment, or if the return opioid patients was noted and exploited, I do not know. The financial incentive to tell people the ir treatment is working on others exists. As residential stay can cost around $31K. [Transition: But something in this system to change, so let’s talk about the other 10% of facilities.] Solution l: Other drug treatment facilities use partial opioid agonists like methadone and suboxone. Suboxone is a combination of two drugs that reward a user for correct usage, block the effects of other opioids, and if misused gives a nasty hangover. The drug gives the user similar

What Is Religion Essay Example For Students

What Is Religion Essay Reflection PaperWho is God?, this becomes as impossible a question to answer as the question Who am I?. Michael Himes, the author of this book which is called, Doing the Truth In Love, expresses his ideas and thoughts on how we are supposed to think about God, feel about God, and understand who and what God is. Mr. Himes, explains first and foremost that God is a mystery. He gives his opinions on how He is mystery and on how we should identify God with God. Himes states that God is agape, unconditional love. My problem with this is how does Himes know who or what God is? He has never met God, to find out and he has never asked God either. We believe that God has undying and pure love for us but we dont know that for sure. God is the Trinity, meaning the father, son, and holy spirit. So is it that when Himes means that god is mystery, agape, and relationship; he means that the trinity stands for these three definitions of God? I think so. Perhaps the most powerful statement made about religion was made by Dr. John Simmons of Western Illinois University. He makes the valid point that religion is not a noun, but a verb. Religion is based on beliefs and how people act based on those beliefs. Tradition, prayer, and meditation are all acts of religion and are considered intangible behaviors. Although many rituals of religion are things, the ethical and social portions are lifestyles. In addition to this point, Dr. Simmons mentions the possibility of religion being founded as a way to understand and answer important questions about life and death. People must find out who they are, why they are here on Earth, and what purpose their life holds. Questions known as boundary questions are posed when humans are faced with new situations in their lives (Beliefs and Believers, Class 1). They must believe that there is reasoning to support their actions. Rites of passage are the most frequent experiences involving boundary question s. For example, as a child of Christian parents, I was told that people die because it is their turn to be with Jesus. Heaven made sense to me and comforted me, knowing that my loved ones would be in such a wonderful place. Also in the Christian religion, questions may arise about the beginning of life and how we got to Earth. The myth of Adam and Eve and the story of the Creation answers that for Christian believers. As for my purpose on Earth, my question was answered by the Christian doctrine. I am here to spread the word of God in actions and words so that all humans may know His love. However, these answers do not make sense to all humans because each religion has a different story. It is imperative to keep an open mind when defining and understanding religion. Every religion holds truth to the believers, and gives them a sense of identity. There is no right or wrong answer to the question of which religion to follow, only interpretations and behaviors according to what makes s ense to the individual. People will behave as they believe (Beliefs and Believers, Class 1). Another equally important remark I came across in my studies was one by the Methodist pastor Rev. Cecil Williams. Williams main topic of discussion was that of toxic religion and inspiring social action. Williams begin the interview by saying, Be careful of religion because religion is toxic (Williams Interview, Class 2). He means that believers are not focusing on the actions, but the outcomes instead. You cannot genuinely identify with a religion or call yourself a religious person unless you relate to other human beings or form relationships that work to ease human suffering (Simmons Study Guide, 15). Again, I was reminded of my own beliefs and the history of my religion when I explored the meaning of this statement. Contrary to popular belief, this nation was not founded on the basis of religion. America was founded by men in search of power and money who used their religious beliefs, pr edominantly Protestant Christian, as an excuse for their brutality. Not all believers act on their beliefs, creating a fine line between which are factious and which are not. The first attempts at colonization proved to be unsuccessful in the late 1500s and early 1600s. They came professing religious freedom and tolerance, yet brutally murdered Indians who would not comply with the European interpretation of Christianity. Even the Puritans, who were extremely devoted to their religion, failed to honor some of the most important ethical views of Christianity when they arrived in New England in 1630. The Puritans were very vocal about their quest for an ideal life. They believed in pre-destination yet still worked very hard to save the heathens from eternal darkness. They believed in the Ten Commandments, yet still judged those who were not Christian. Perhaps the most widely known example is that of the Salem Witch Trials. An epidemic of accusation was started because of contradicting beliefs ( Tindall, 36).Instead of focusing on how to nurture their current world, the Puritans caused mass mayhem and interrupted a peaceful environment. You cant have a new heaven until you have a new earth (Williams Interview, Class 2). .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .postImageUrl , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:hover , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:visited , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:active { border:0!important; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:active , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arts Management Final EssayFurthermore, the topic of religion cannot be discussed without mentioning its pervasiveness. Religion is an aspect of human existence compromising elements such as experience, ethics, beliefs, ritual, and institutions. Like political behavior, religion is not everything in life, but is an aspect of life. Religion is structured into our government. Not only does our Pledge of Allegiance and motto use God as a foundation, but also the separation of church and state show how each American is aware and ultimately affected by religion. It encompasses various disciplines, and although we are all not equally so, everyone is religious to an extent (Smart , 4). It is important to cherish the integrity of our own religion, likewise is it to appreciate the beliefs of other religions as well as non-believers. Appreciating and adopting are words with very different meanings (Marty Interview, Class 1).Lastly, I was very intrigued by the idea set forth by Dr. Simmons and the Sermon on the Mount that many religious movements begin with redefining human identity and relationships. As he points out, I grew up relating the Beatitudes to an already established Christian faith. This roll-in was especially powerful to me because it introduced me to an entirely new idea about the foundation of Christianity, shaking a firm belief I have always had. The fact is that Jesus of Nazareth was a Jewish Rabbi who disagreed with the teachings of the Torah and, in turn, invented the religion of Christianity. In His first sermon, Jesus spoke against the traditional Jewish teachings and replaced them, with gentler teachings of love and kindness. Although He ne ver intended to create Christianity, He began a religious movement that turned into Christianity (Simmons Study Guide, 16). Again, I reflect to the Puritans who spoke out against the Catholic Church of England and founded the Protestant form of Christianity. Perhaps many more religions will continue to be created as other charismatic leaders, such as Christ, deepen the exploration of their own identity and relationships. In conclusion, there is no simple definition for religion. It is a complex set of beliefs and behaviors that set apart individuals on their quest for enlightenment. Religion gives people a sense of identity and answers profound life questions otherwise unobtainable. In only a short period of time, my perception of religion has changed vastly. I have been introduced to many other perspectives that have impacted my own beliefs. I hope that as I continue to study new religious ideas, my understanding and knowledge will grow as well. BIBLIOGRAPHYBeliefs and Believers. Teleclass. University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999Marty, Martin. Interview with Dr. John K. Simmons. Beliefs and Believers:University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999Simmons, Dr. John K. Beliefs and Believers Teleclass Study Guide. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1999Smart, Ninian. Worldviews: Crosscultural Explorations of Human Beliefs (Third Ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2000Tindall, George. America: Brief 5th Edition. NY, NY: Norton, 2000Williams, Rev. Cecil. Interview with Dr. John K. Simmons. Beliefs and Believers:University Park, Illinois: Governors State University, 1999Words/ Pages : 1,331 / 24